Language Alignment and Career Outcomes in International Military Education: A Study of United States Military Academy Graduates

Authors

Erin Lemons, United States Military AcademyFollow

Abstract

Host country/sending country language alignment is an understudied topic within the field of international military education. While individual-level language barriers are recognized, this study asks how national-level language proficiency levels can influence international military graduates’ retention. International cadets from countries with lower proficiency in the host nation’s language may be selected primarily for their language skills rather than their military potential. Moreover, the acquisition of the host nation’s language and culture during international cadets’ studies may increase the attractiveness of private-sector opportunities upon their return home. At the same time, countries with lower proficiency levels in the host language may invest more heavily in cadets and provide them better retention incentives after graduation. To explore these logics, this study examines the impact of national-level language proficiency on the career prospects of international military students attending the United States Military Academy (USMA). Using average national TOEFL scores as a proxy for English proficiency, I compare the career attainment of international graduates from countries with varying levels of English proficiency. Quantitative analysis is complemented by interviews with international graduates and US officials involved in security cooperation. This research has significant policy implications. International military exchanges aim to foster future military cooperation, but premature departures from military service can undermine this goal. By understanding the factors influencing career outcomes, policymakers from both host and sending countries can implement strategies to enhance military retention rates and maximize the benefits of these exchanges.

Recommended Citation

Lemons, Erin (2025) "Language Alignment and Career Outcomes in International Military Education: A Study of United States Military Academy Graduates," Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies: Vol. 1: Iss. 1, Article 4.
Available at: https://repository.rit.edu/jpcss/vol1/iss1/4