Arms Proliferation and its control mechanism in Nigeria: An Assessment

Authors

• Mubarak Sulaiman Jamiu, Kwara State UniversityFollow
• Seyid Ishola Hassan, Kwara State UniversityFollow
• Adedoyin John Towoju, Kwara State UniversityFollow

Abstract

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria has emerged as a critical threat to national security and political stability. Despite the enactment of various legislative frameworks, including the Firearms Act of 1959, the circulation of illicit firearms continues unabated, exacerbating terrorism, militancy, and organized crime across the country. This study critically examines the causes, implications, and potential solutions to SALW proliferation in Nigeria, focusing on governance failures, legal inefficiencies, and institutional weaknesses. Utilizing State Fragility Theory and Failed State Theory, the research identifies how poor governance, corruption, and the lack of effective enforcement have contributed to the growing crisis. The findings highlight that existing legal frameworks are outdated and inadequately enforced, allowing arms trafficking and illegal arms possession to persist. Additionally, porous borders, weak institutional coordination, and socio-economic instability further fuel the demand for illicit firearms. The study suggests that addressing the SALW problem requires comprehensive legal reforms, including the modernization of the Firearms Act, and the establishment of a National Commission on Small Arms to enhance coordination and enforcement. Institutional reforms are crucial to combat corruption and improve inter-agency cooperation, while strengthening border security will limit the flow of illegal arms. Furthermore, addressing poverty, economic inequality, and ethnic divisions is essential to curbing the root causes of arms proliferation and reducing violent conflict. By linking these findings to theoretical frameworks, this study concludes with the provision of valuable policy recommendations to guide Nigeria's efforts to combat arms proliferation, strengthen national security, and achieve long-term stability in the region.

Recommended Citation

Jamiu, Mubarak Sulaiman; Hassan, Seyid Ishola; and Towoju, Adedoyin John (2026) "Arms Proliferation and its control mechanism in Nigeria: An Assessment," Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 3.
Available at: https://repository.rit.edu/jpcss/vol2/iss1/3