Journal of Applied Packaging Research

This document provides details on typesetting and layout requirements pertaining to final manuscript submission to Journal of Applied Packaging Research.

Formatting Requirements

• Do not include a title page or abstract. (Begin the document with the introduction; a title page, including the abstract, will be added to your paper by the editors.)
• Do not include page numbers, headers, or footers. These will be added by the editors.
• Write your article in English (unless the journal expressly permits non-English submissions).
• Submit your manuscript, including tables, figures, appendices, etc., as a single file (Word, RTF, or PDF files are accepted).
• Page size should be 8.5 x 11-inches.
• All margins (left, right, top and bottom) should be 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), including your tables and figures.
• Single space your text.
• Use a single column layout with both left and right margins justified.
• Font:
  1. Main Body—12 pt. Times or the closest comparable font available
  2. Footnotes—10 pt. Times or the closest comparable font available
• If figures are included, use high-resolution figures, preferably encoded as encapsulated PostScript (eps).
• Copyedit your manuscript.
• When possible, there should be no pages where more than a quarter of the page is empty space.

Additional Recommendations

Indenting, Line Spacing, and Justification

Indent all paragraphs except those following a section heading. An indent should be at least 2 em-spaces.

Do not insert extra space between paragraphs of text with the exception of long quotations, theorems, propositions, special remarks, etc. These should be set off from the surrounding text by additional space above and below.

Don't "widow" or "orphan" text (i.e., ending a page with the first line of a paragraph or beginning a page with the last line of a paragraph).

All text should be left-justified (i.e., flush with the left margin—except where indented). Where possible, it should also be right-justified (i.e., flush with the right margin). "Where possible" refers to the quality of the justification. For example, LaTeX and TeX do an excellent job of justifying text. Word does a reasonable job. But some word processors do a lousy job (e.g., they achieve right justification by inserting too much white space within and between words). We prefer flush right margins. However, it is better to have jagged right margins than to have flush right margins with awkward intra- and inter-word spacing. Make your decision on whichever looks best.

Language & Grammar

All submissions must be in English. Except for common foreign words and phrases, the use of foreign words and phrases should be avoided.

Authors should use proper, standard English grammar. The Elements of Style by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White (now in its fourth edition) is the "standard" guide, but other excellent guides (e.g., The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press) exist as well.

Article Length

Because this journal publishes electronically, page limits are not as relevant as they are in the world of print publications. We are happy, therefore, to let authors take advantage of this greater "bandwidth" to include material that they might otherwise have to cut to get into a print journal. This said, authors should exercise some discretion with respect to length.

Colored text

Set the font color to black for the majority of the text. We encourage authors to take advantage of the ability to use color in the production of figures, maps, etc., however, you need to appreciate that this will cause some of your readers problems when they print the document on a black & white printer. For this reason, you are advised to avoid the use of colors in situations where their translation to black and white would render the material illegible or incomprehensible.

Please ensure that there are no colored mark-ups or comments in the final version, unless they are meant to be part of the final text. (You may need to "accept all changes" in track changes or set your document to "normal" in final markup.)

Emphasized text

Whenever possible use italics to indicate text you wish to emphasize rather than underlining it. The use of color to emphasize text is discouraged.

Font faces

Except, possibly, where special symbols are needed, use Times or the closest comparable font available. If you desire a second font, for instance for headings, use a sans serif font (e.g., Arial or Computer Modern Sans Serif).

Font size

The main body of text should be set in 12pt. Avoid the use of fonts smaller than 6pt.

Foreign terms

Whenever possible, foreign terms should be set in italics rather than underlined.

Headings

Headings (e.g., start of sections) should be distinguished from the main body text by their fonts or by using small caps. Use the same font face for all headings and indicate the hierarchy by reducing the font size. There should be space above and below headings.

Main text

The font for the main body of text must be black and, if at all possible, in Times or closest comparable font available.

Titles

Whenever possible, titles of books, movies, etc., should be set in italics rather than underlined.

Footnotes

Footnotes should appear at the bottom of the page on which they are referenced rather than at the end of the paper. Footnotes should be in 10 pt. Times or closest comparable font available, they should be single spaced, and there should be a footnote separator rule (line). Footnote numbers or symbols in the text must follow, rather than precede, punctuation. Excessively long footnotes are probably better handled in an appendix. All footnotes should be left and right-justified (i.e., flush with the right margin), unless this creates awkward spacing.

Tables and Figures

To the extent possible, tables and figures should appear in the document near where they are referenced in the text. Large tables or figures should be put on pages by themselves. Avoid the use of overly small type in tables. In no case should tables or figures be in a separate document or file. All tables and figures must fit within 1.5" margins on all sides (top, bottom, left and right) in both portrait and landscape view.

Mathematics

Roman letters used in mathematical expressions as variables should be italicized. Roman letters used as part of multi-letter function names should not be italicized. Whenever possible, subscripts and superscripts should be a smaller font size than the main text.

Short mathematical expressions should be typed inline. Longer expressions should appear as display math. Also expressions using many different levels (e.g., such as the fractions) should be set as display math. Important definitions or concepts can also be set off as display math.

Equations should be numbered sequentially. Whether equation numbers are on the right or left is the choice of the author(s). However, you are expected to be consistent in this.

Symbols and notation in unusual fonts should be avoided. This will not only enhance the clarity of the manuscript, but it will also help insure that it displays correctly on the reader's screen and prints correctly on her printer. When proofing your document under PDF pay particular attention to the rendering of the mathematics, especially symbols and notation drawn from other than standard fonts.

References

It is the author's obligation to provide complete references with the necessary information. After the last sentence of your submission, please insert a line break—not a page break—and begin your references on the same page, if possible. References should appear right after the end of the document, beginning on the last page if possible. References should have margins that are both left and right- justified. You may choose not to right-justify the margin of one or more references if the spacing looks too awkward. Each reference should give the last names of all the authors, their first names or first initials, and, optionally, their middle initials.

IEEE Citation samples

Books

Author(s), First name or initials, Surname, or name or organisation; Title of book (in italics if typing, or underlined if writing), or underlined;- capitalise first word of the title, Edition (except the first), Place of publication (City), Publisher, Year of Publication. e.g.

C. W.Lander, Power Electronics, 3d. ed. London: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Sections/Chapters of Books

Author(s), First name or initials, Surname; Title of the article (capitalise only the first word of the title) "in:" Title of the book (in italics if typing, or underlined if writing); Editor (if available), Edition (except the first), Place of publication, Publisher, Chapter/s or First and Last pages of the article, Year of Publication. e.g.:

A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations," in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidimensional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.

Papers from Conferences

Author(s), First name or initials, Surname; Title of paper (capitalise only the first word of the title and subtitle, in quotation marks with comma at end of title before quotation marks), "in:", Title of the conference in full (in italics if typing, or underlined if writing); - capitalise each word of the title, Editor/s (if available), (Place of publication, Publisher - if available), First and last pages of the paper. Date of Conference, e.g.:

A. H. Cookson, and B. O. Pedersen, "Thermal measurements in a 1200kV compressed gas insulated transmission line," in Seventh IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 1979, pp. 163-167

Journal Articles

Author(s) First name or initials, Surname; Title of article (capitalise only the first word of the title and subtitle, in quotation marks with comma at end of title before quotation marks), Title of journal in full (in italics if typing, or underlined if writing), Volume, Issue or part (if needed), First and last pages of the article. Date of issue.eg.:

K.P. Dabke and K.M. Thomas, "Expert system guidance for library users," Library Hi

Thesis or Dissertation
NOTE:"Ph.D. dissertation," but "M.S. thesis."

Author: First name or initials, Surname; Title of article (capitalise only the first word of the title and subtitle, in quotation marks with comma at end of title before quotation marks),"Ph.D. dissertation," or "M.S. thesis", University, Place (City), Year of Publication. e.g.:

S. Birch, "Dolphin-human interaction effects : frequency mediated psychophysiological responses in biological systems," Ph.D. dissertation, Monash University, Clayton,Vic, Australia, 1997.

Website - known author

First name or initials, Surname. (eds) [if appropriate] "Title of page", (Title of site), [online] date, url (Accessed: Access date).

P. Hudson, "PM, Costello liars: former bank chief," (The Age), [online] 1998, http://www.theage.com.au/daily/980916/news/news2.html (Accessed: 9 February 2000).

Website - NO author

If you can't find the name of an editor or author use this format:
Title of page, Title of site,[online] date, URL (Accessed: Access date).

Citation styles online., Online! Citation styles," [online] 1998, http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/citex.html (Accessed: 20 November 2000).

E-journal - article in an electronic journal

Author(s) First name or initials, Surname; Title of article (capitalise only the first word of the title and subtitle, in quotation marks with comma at end of title before quotation marks), Title of journal in full (in italics if typing, or underlined if writing), [online], volume, issue or part, first and last pages of the article. URL (Accessed: Access date).Date .eg.:

Browning, T. "Embedded visuals: Student design in web spaces," Kairos, [online] 3 (1) 1997. http://www.as.ttu.edu/kairos/2.1/features/browning/index.html. (Accessed: 7 November 2000).

E-mail

Sender, (sender's E-mail address), "Re: subject of message," E-mail to Recipient (Recipient's E-mail address)day month year

Smith, V. (smith@university.edu.au), "Re: Teaching in the new millennium," E-mail to J.Citizen (jcitizen@ozimale.net) 4 Jan 2000.

Citing - IEEE style citation

The IEEE citation style is now widely used in Electrical, electronic and computing publications. Using this system, references are numbered in the order in which they are first cited in the text. If the same reference is cited later int he text, the same number is given. For example:

"The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]"

"Scholtz [2] has argued that......."

"Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have suggested that..."

Reference List Guide

References must be listed in the order they were cited (numerical order). The references must not be in alphabetical order eg:

[1] C. W.Lander, Power Electronics, 3d. ed. London: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

[2] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations," in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidimensional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.

[3] A. H. Cookson, and B. O. Pedersen, "Thermal measurements in a 1200kV compressed gas insulated transmission line," in Seventh IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 1979, pp. 163-167

[4] K.P. Dabke and K.M. Thomas, "Expert system guidance for library users," Library Hi Tech, vol. 10, (1-2) pp. 53-60, 1992.

[5] S. Birch, "Dolphin-human interaction effects : frequency mediated psychophysiological responses in biological systems," Ph.D. dissertation, Monash University, Clayton,Vic, Australia, 1997.

[6] Hudson, P. "PM, Costello liars: former bank chief", (The Age), [online] 1998, http://www.theage.com.au/daily/980916/news/news2.html (Accessed: 9 February 2000).

[7] Citation styles online , "Online! Citation styles," [online] 1998, http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/citex.html (Accessed: 9 February 2000)..

[8] T. Browning, "Embedded visuals: Student design in web spaces," Kairos, [online] 3 (1) 1997. http://www.as.ttu.edu/kairos/2.1/features/browning/index.html. (Accessed: 7 November 2000).

[9] Smith, V. (smith@university.edu.au) "Re : Teaching in the new millennium," E-mail to J. Citizen (jcitizen@ozimale.net) 4 Jan 2000.